<h3 id="heading-we-may-see-that-some-folders-are-marked-as-read-only-or-view-only-and-you-cannot-write-or-edit-them-this-is-because-of-file-permissions-some-files-come-with-default-permissions-with-security-concerns-in-mind">We may see that some folders are marked as "read-only" or " view only" and you cannot write or edit them. This is because of file permissions. Some files come with default permissions with security concerns in mind.</h3>
There are three types of File permissions -
<ul>
<li>Read (r)</li>
<li>Write(w)</li>
<li>Execute(x)</li>
</ul>
Open your Linux system and check out the following commands
<img src="https://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1659289966231/1wahq6yFG.png" alt="image.png" />
<code>ls -l file.txt</code> to check the permissions allotted to the file
<code>chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=r file.txt</code> To change the file permission 
<code>u</code> stands for user
<code>g</code> stands for group
<code>o</code> stands for others
Alternative, you can use numbers instead of u,g,x --
<img src="https://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1659289925029/w8QB1AB7i.png" alt="image.png" />
<ul>
<li><code>4</code> stands for read</li>
<li><code>2</code> stands for write</li>
<li><code>1</code> stand for execute</li>
<li><code>0</code>stands for no permission</li>
<li><code>7</code> stands for all the permissions (4+2+1)</li>
</ul>
<code>sudo chown root file.txt</code> To change the ownership to Root 
Root is like the superuser account in UNIX-based system which is used for administrative purposes.
It has the highest number of access rights in the system
<code>find . -perm 777</code> To find all the files,whose permissions are set to 777 means rwx rwx rwx

### We may see that some folders are marked as "*read-only*" or " *view only*" and you cannot write or edit them. This is because of file permissions. Some files come with default permissions with security concerns in mind.##

*There are three types of File permissions -*
- Read (r)
- Write(w)
- Execute(x)

*Open your Linux system and check out the following commands*

![image.png](https://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1659289966231/1wahq6yFG.png align="left")

```ls -l file.txt```  to check the permissions allotted to the file

```chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=r file.txt```  To change the file permission 

```u``` stands for user

```g``` stands for group

```o``` stands for others

*Alternative, you can use numbers instead of u,g,x --*

![image.png](https://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1659289925029/w8QB1AB7i.png align="left")

- ```4``` stands for read
- ```2``` stands for write
- ```1``` stand for execute
- ``` 0```stands for no permission
- ```7``` stands for all the permissions (4+2+1)


```sudo chown root file.txt``` To change the ownership to Root 


Root is like the superuser account in UNIX-based system which is used for administrative purposes.
It has the highest number of access rights in the system

```find . -perm 777``` To find all the files,whose permissions are set to 777 means rwx rwx rwx 









File Permissions using Linux Commands

Sophomore at VIT Chennai. Pursuing BTech Computer Science with specialization in AI & ML


Sophomore at VIT Chennai. Pursuing BTech Computer Science with specialization in AI &amp; ML
